Medieval Iron Tool Group

An annular brooch set with six cabochon sapphires, the spaces in between engraved with annulets, diamonds and a fleur-de-lis at the centre, a flower motif on each side of the pin. 6.11 grams, 20 mm



Private English collection, formed between the late 1970s and early 1990s. Private collection, UK.

In medieval jewellery, sapphires were revered not only for their beauty but for their rich symbolic and spiritual meaning. Associated with the heavens, they embodied divine wisdom, purity, and truth, often worn by clergy and royalty as signs of piety and authority. Believed to protect against envy, poison, and deceit, sapphires were also thought to reveal dishonesty by losing their brilliance, making them symbols of fidelity and integrity. Frequently gifted as tokens of loyal love, they were valued for their supposed healing properties, particularly for ailments of the eyes and mind. In 14th-century jewellery, the fleur-de-lis symbolised a blend of royal allegiance, religious devotion, and noble identity. As the emblem of the French monarchy, it signified loyalty to the crown and noble lineage, while its association with the Virgin Mary evoked purity and spiritual grace. Common in courtly and devotional contexts, it also reflected chivalric ideals such as honour, fidelity, and moral virtue.

The obverse depicting the busts of St Peter and St Paul each within a compartment defined by pellets; cross pattee supported on a staff between the busts; at the top of the bulla in the centre, legend 'SPASPE' (abbreviations for St Paul and St Peter); reverse inscribed in Lombardic script in three lines 'GRE/GORIVS./PP. X', with an omega above the letters 'PP' and curlicue after 'X'; both obverse and reverse faces with a pelletted perimeter. 34.4 grams, 37 mm



Found Norfolk, UK. Accompanied by an illustrated report from Andy Flowers KLMD dated November 2013.

Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was the 178th Pope of the Catholic Church, reigning from 1227 to 1241. He is known for his strong defence of papal authority, his role in the Crusades, and his establishment of the Papal Inquisition.

Comprising: a bearded male mount, possibly depicting the Green Man, two loops on the reverse; elongated mount with raised male head to the centre and rivet to each end; a tall trefoil mount with spiked end; a rectangular sheet mount with low-relief floral decoration, possibly a book mount. 54 grams total, 25-91 mm



Acquired on the UK art market in the 1970s-1990s. Property of a Nottinghamshire, UK, gentleman. This lot is accompanied by an illustrated lot declaration signed by the Head of the Antiquities Department, Dr Raffaele D'Amato.