Medieval and Later Bronze Key and Lock Collection

Comprising: heater shield pendant with reserved saltire; heater shield stud with reserved lion rampant; teardrop shield pendant with reserved lion rampant; lozenge pendant with radiating knops, central circular recess with enamel fill and reserved cinquefoil; T-shaped strap with attachment holes. 28 grams total, 16-60 mm



Found UK. From the collection of a Wiltshire, UK, gentleman, 1990s.

Comprising: a rare 10th-12h century Anglo-Norman horseshoe; a 15th century iron folded knife; a fragment of a possible stirrup element; the fragment of an iron musket pricker (?); an unidentified iron tool; accompanied by a reproduction medieval dagger. 586 grams total, 1.5-41.5 cm



From the collection of the famous author, writer and speaker, Gordon Bailey, Essex, UK; formed since 1968.

The early type of horseshoe known as 'wavy rim' from the undulating sides was well used in the Anglo-Saxon period. At the time of the Normans it was implemented, and the Domesday Book refers to the presence of many blacksmiths in England. The type was in use until the 13th century A.D.

Comprising thirteen caltrops, hand-forged with square-section spikes. 423 grams total, 82-90 mm



From the private collection of a London gentleman, from his grandfather's collection formed before the early 1970s.

P. Žákovský has been able to classify medieval caltrops, mainly from 13th to 15th century A.D., on the basis of their morphology, into four main typologies, each with different variants. Caltrops with single-pointed spikes, whose interpretation, however, is often ambiguous belong to type I. The other three types represent classic four-pointed caltrops, and individual types in this group differ from one another just in their cross-section.