Luristan Bronze Short Dagger

Piriform body with segmented shoulder and impressed roundels, domed filler-hole, intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. 420 grams, 10.8 cm



From a specialist collection of militaria, London, UK, collected 1990s onwards. Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (μεσαίον kακάβιον) 9th-11th century AD'.

Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.

Comprising: two hand-forged iron stirrups each with a reinforcing strap beneath the footplate, slotted suspension plate; snaffle-bit with hooked outer ends each with a twisted-rod ring and a curved transverse bar with dentilled lower edge. 821 grams total, 19.5-20 cm



From the private collection of a London gentleman, from his grandfather's collection formed before the early 1970s.

Triangular in section with barbed blades and shallow socket. 1.5 grams, 32 mm



Acquired from Red House Antiques, York, UK, in 2008. Ian Wilkinson collection, Nottinghamshire, UK.