Georgian and Other Copper-Alloy Artefact Group

With slightly plano-convex hoop and ribbed underside to the discoid bezel, face with raised rim and incuse motif of a heater shield surmounted by a crown with ivy-leaves; shield depicting a tower attacked by two assailants on scaling-ladders; possibly German workmanship. 14.43 grams, 25.09 mm overall, 19.19 mm internal diameter (approximate size British S, USA 9, Europe 20, Japan 19)



Acquired 1960s-1990s. Late Alison Barker collection, a retired London barrister.

With lead cames, depicting a scene with John the Baptist baptising Christ. 249 grams, 20.3 cm high



Acquired 1990s-early 2000s. East Anglian private collection.

Comprising three sheets joined together, bearing neat and regular lines of red and black inked script, together with associated images; the text including prayers for barya and evil eye, for Shotäläy and magical machination; the images representing two guardian angels at the top and bottom, Archangels Michael and Gabriel, within a geometric frame; at the bottom a picture of a jewelled cross with red triangles inserted within the arms; the owner's name given as Wällättä Maryam Beré. 56 grams, 1.97 m



Ex Adalberto Frezza, 2006. Ex central London gallery.

The sick looked upon such scrolls as it was believed that the images contained in them had healing powers. The scrolls were prepared by unordained clerics, or debatras, employed by Christian families, a practice which continued into the 20th century. Debatras were skilled at diagnosing the causes of illness, and treated them through scrolls such as that offered here, together with herbal and plant-based remedies; the images and prayers were believed to act on the spiritual source of the ailment, whilst the botanical remedies acted upon the physical symptoms. The scrolls covered the length of the afflicted person's body, providing preventative as well as curative protection and were often passed down through generations of the same family. The patients were often illiterate peasants, and the scrolls written in archaic Ge'ez, a liturgical language comprehended only by clerics; the debatras explained the prayers and the images to the sick. The images are designed to be mesmeric, the penetrating gaze of eyes from within the design giving them a sense of power.