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LOT 1125
Byzantine 'Greek Fire' Ceramic Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade
9TH-11TH CENTURY A.D.
5 1/4 in. (640 grams, 13.5 cm).
Pear-shaped ceramic vessel with domed filler-hole; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. [No Reserve]
ProvenanceEx London, UK, collection, 1990s.
Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (μεσαίον kακάβιον) 9th-11th century AD'.
Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.
FootnotesApart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the γανωτα, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.
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LOT 1125
Byzantine 'Greek Fire' Ceramic Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade
Sold for (Inc. bp): £98
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English Civil War Helmet
Mid 17th century A.D.Sold for (Inc. bp): £1,690
Of Dutch lobster-tailed pot type, the neck-guard composed of four articulated sections; wide brim with a movable nasal-guard; tongue-shaped cheekpieces with ventilation rosettes and five bosses around the raised perimeter; the cheek-pieces re-attached. 1.54 kg, 26 cm
with Peter Bunting Antiques. The Kusmirek Collection, UK. Accompanied by a copy of Peter Bunting invoice.
The capeline or taschetto (capeline in English, derived from the word that in French indicates the hat) was a particular type of helmet widespread in Western Europe in the 17th century. It was a variant of the szyszak helmet used by the cavalry forces of the Ottoman Empire and Muscovy, as well as by the winged hussars of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the post-Renaissance era. The helmet was mainly used by armoured cavalrymen in various European armies of the 17th century, and it was one of the typical helmets of the Thirty Years' War. -
Luristan Bronze Dagger
Circa 1000 B.C.Sold for (Inc. bp): £195
Narrow triangular casting with gentle midrib and narrow point, scooped shoulders, long flat-section tang with lobe finial. 129 grams, 36 cm
Ex German collection, Cologne, 1980-1990s.
The type of the present dirk or dagger corresponds to type IX of Medvedskaya classification. The type consists of a bronze blade with organic handle, possibly made of bone or wood, and a long tang, which was usually bent at the extremity. According to Moorey, the exact dating of these pieces is uncertain. -
Roman Iron Anti-Cavalry Caltrop
3rd-4th century A.D. or laterSold for (Inc. bp): £195
Composed of four arms tipped with triangular spikes. 29 grams, 86 mm
Acquired on the German art market around 2000. From the collection of Surrey, UK, gentleman.
Caltrops were scattered on battlefields in an effort to stop or slow advancing enemy cavalry or foot soldiers; regardless of how a caltrop lands, one spike is always facing upwards. Caesar used widely them at Alesia (Caes., BG 7.73; 82): 'Stakes a foot long, with iron hooks attached to them, were entirely sunk in the ground before these, and were planted in every place at small intervals; these they called spurs'.
