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LOT 0950
Byzantine 'Greek Fire' Ceramic Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade with Lead-alloy Filler-Hole
9TH-11TH CENTURY A.D.
8 1/2 in. (1.06 kg, 21.5 cm).
Biconical body with longitudinal ribs, separate lead-alloy domed filler-hole with cover, intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade.
ProvenanceAcquired 1980-2015.
Ex Abelita family collection.
Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (μεσαίον kακάβιον) 9th-11th century AD'.
Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefäße aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16; the shape finds correspondence with a fire grenade in the Kars Museum, no.14.09.2009.
FootnotesApart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.
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AUCTIONS:
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LOT 0950
Byzantine 'Greek Fire' Ceramic Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade with Lead-alloy Filler-Hole
Sold for (Inc. bp): £468
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Byzantine Terracotta Pilgrim's Token Group
6th-7th century A.D.Sold for (Inc. bp): £33
Each plano-convex with low-relief image of Simon Stylites flanked by airborne angels. 10.7 grams total, 21-23 mm
Acquired European art market, 1980s. From the collection of an London antiquarian. -
Byzantine Bronze Oil Lamp Stands
6th-7th century A.D.Sold for (Inc. bp): £65
A pair of copper-alloy oil lamp stands with ornamental stems. 1.7 kg total, 16-25.2 cm
UK private collection before 2000. UK art market. Property of a London gentleman.
This kind of stand was destined to support lamp with oval bodies, at the base of which there was a slot that allowed it to be inserted into the lamp stand. The latter was composed of a turned stem and a single, double or even triple curvilinear base, which had the shape of an inverted chalice and carried one, two or three supports which ended with horse hoof ornaments, and feet in the shape of lion's paws. -
Large Byzantine Bronze Bread Stamp
Circa 7th-11th century A.D.Sold for (Inc. bp): £1,560
Featuring a crucifix-shaped monogram with reversed inscription in Greek letters written in two intersecting lines 'ΠET PX Y', translating to 'Peter, servant of God' most likely a benefaction to Jesus Christ from an individual; large applied handle to the reverse. 361 grams, 12.7 cm
Previously in a German collection. Ex Austrian collection. In a London collection from the 1990s. Accompanied by a previous catalogue information slip.
