Achaemenid Bronze Bowl with Later Arabic Inscription

Formed as an advancing ram on a baseline with head turned to face the viewer, applied collar, standing human figure holding the tail; circular hole to the shoulder to accept the bit; mounted on a display stand. 212 grams, 12.7 cm (601 grams total, 18.4 cm including stand)



A.P. family collection, Europe, from 1969, partly transferred to the United Kingdom in 1981. London art market, after 2000. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by search certificate number no.12974-245211.

Horse equipment was an important symbol of status and power in the Iron Age Near East. Elaborate bits with decorated cheek-pieces were not only practical items for controlling horses but also served a display function, reflecting the wealth and rank of their owners.

With two standing figures; accompanied by a museum quality impression and a copy of an old scholarly note, typed and signed by W.G. Lambert, late Professor of Assyriology, University of Birmingham, 1970-1993, which states:Cylinder Seal of Dark Green Stone 55 x 22 mm. The engraved are divides into two main parts. In the major part two standing human-like figures are shown with one hand joining that of the other figure and the other held at the waist as if ready for action. Between them is a small similar figure with arms outstretched. Above are two concentric circles, and sundry shapes and linear motifs fill spaces. The minor part shows two pairs of horned animals tête bêche to eath(sic) other pair. The bottom two, with rising horns, face each other; the top two (one a stag, the other with different horns) are in a line. A snake and various shapes fill the spaces. Upper and lower rules enclose the design. This is a North-Syrian or Anatolian seal, c. 2800-2400 B.C. It is exceptionally large, in very good condition, and outstanding in every way.' 47 grams, 55 mm



with Sotheby's Antiquities, London, 10-11 December 1992, no.74. Accompanied by a copy of a scholarly note, typed and signed by Professor Wilfrid George Lambert in 1992.

Seals were the working signatures of the ancient Near East. Pressed or rolled into wet clay, they secured jars, bags, doors and tablets, and left a distinct impression that identified the owner, authorised a transaction, and showed whether a container had been opened. Stamp seals (pressed once to leave a single emblem) appear from the 7th–4th millennia BC and continue throughout later periods; cylinder seals (rolled to create a repeating frieze) developed in Mesopotamia in the late 4th millennium BC and are used into the 1st millennium BC. Beyond administration, seals were miniature artworks and amulets. Their images—gods and worshippers, royal hunts, banquets, heroes and mythic beasts—broadcast rank, piety and profession, and were believed to protect the owner. Materials range from soft stones to hard chalcedonies, haematite and lapis, worked with drills and abrasives to achieve crisp intaglio cutting. Many were worn on cords or rings and followed their owners through life, sometimes into the grave. Seals matter because they underpin the earliest systems of record-keeping and trade. Impressions on tablets and bullae are primary documents for ancient law, economy and religion; the seals themselves preserve that imagery in the round. For collectors, well-cut examples with sharp impressions, good polish and honest ancient wear are especially desirable, and pieces with early collection histories are keenly sought.

Columnar in form and plano-convex in section with discoid base and grotesque mask. 4.82 grams, 26 mm



From a collection of a late London, UK, collector, 1980s. This lot has been cleared against the Art Loss Register database, and is accompanied by an illustrated lot declaration signed by the Head of the Antiquities Department, Dr Raffaele D'Amato.