Viking Age Iron Bearded Axe-Hammer

Comprising: tubular socket with segmented lower ends pieced to accept attachment pins, decorative ring above; short length of chain with butted iron links; heater shield-shaped striker with knop finial and torque to the neck, punched design of a chevron and central pellet; one face with possible maker's mark above the pellet. 364 grams, 52.1 cm



Ex North American private collection, 1970s-1990s.

A complete set of military belt fittings of Martinovka type, comprising forty-eight elements: two massive shield-shaped buckles, the buckle plate with a central chip-carved mask-shaped decoration, the hinged prong of rectangular form with rounded terminal; twelve shield-shaped belt pendants with wavy edges and the bottom ending in a sharp angle; ten decorative rosettes; twelve belt pendants in the form of a double crescent, with mask-shaped decoration on the oval head, decorated with chip-carved comma and dot ornaments; one pendant of the same typology fitted with a circular massive ring for the suspension; two massive circular phalerae, decorated with a double cross, one ornamented with volutes at the end of the arms, the other with five massive bosses at the sides and centre; two shield-shaped pendants with projections for the fastening of elements; two small rectangular buckles; three trapezoidal openwork pendants and two further small drop-shaped pendants. 722 grams total, 16.08-79.52 mm



From the private family collection of a lady, UK; acquired in Germany mid-20th century. Accompanied by an academic report by Dr Raffaele D’Amato. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by search certificate number no.13249-253196.

These belt elements, which form the fittings of at least two belts, are typical of the Roman garrisons of Black Sea and the Balkans, for the late 6th and the 7th century A.D. They were connected especially with Gothic and Alan soldiers militating in the Roman army, and considered part of the Martinovka typology by the academics. Numerous finds of these multi-part belt sets have been found in the area between the Balkans, the north-northeastern Pontus region, the Kama region in the northeast, and the Caspian Sea in the east. The range of the type includes areas controlled by the Avars and the Roman Empire, the south-Danubian region (Moesia II: Beroe, Callatis, Tropaeum Traiani, Ibida, Argamum), the Carpathian area, the northern Black Sea, the Caucasus and up to the Euphrates and other areas of Europe; these elements should therefore be seen as a ‘multi-ethnic’ or ‘international’ element. They were used to hold two types of offensive weapons: a quiver with arrows, and bladed weapons such as the spatha, and the shorter culter venatorius.

Lentoid-section and depicting a bee to one side and the inscription 'ΚΑΛΑ' on the other. 30.4 grams, 31 mm



Ex German art market, 2000s. Acquired from an EU collector living in London. From the collection of a Surrey, UK, gentleman.

The slingshots with an inscription ΚΑΛΑ are believed to originate from the island of Rhodes. On these sling bullets, ΚΑΛΑ should be translated as “nice things.” Together with the Balearic slingers, Rhodian slingers were considered to be the best of the Hellenistic world, and they were also used in the Roman army.