Stone Age Thick-Butted Polished Axe Head

Each with rounded butt and broad point, cortex to one face; one marked '1391. Snail[.]inch'. 320 grams total, 85-93 mm



Found during the original official excavations in the Farnham area, Surrey, UK, which were conducted by Harold Faulker (1875-1963), and William Francis Rankine (c.1877-1962), who were instrumental with the excavation works and pit dwellings at sites including Six Bells, Frensham, Tilford, Thursley and Bagshot, and Waverley, amongst others at and near Farnham in the 1930s and 1940s. Much of the material is now in the prestigious Farnham museum. The present part of the collection having been gifted to their good friend and Haselmere Parish Priest, Charles Borelli (c.1914-2000) of Farnham; who was part of the Borelli family from Italy who emigrated from Lake Como in 1828 to set up the Borelli family watch and jewellery business; thence by family descent to his nephew.

Farnham district is one of the most interesting prehistoric regions in England, and has been visited by a succession of prehistoric peoples from Palaeolithic times onwards. Along the southern slope of the Farnham valley are three gravel terraces, which are famous prehistorically and have yielded large quantities of flint implements and bones of prehistoric animals, notably the mammoth. In prehistoric times, the chalk deposits played an important role in attracting settlers, as they contained rich layers of flint nodules used to make implements. The Farnham Gravels have been an abundant source of Palaeolithic finds, most prominent being hand axes. The axes differ in type, and each type is associated with a cultural phase of the Palaeolithic period. Types similar to these are found in similar deposits in the Somme valley and in many English valley gravels. Neolithic people are known to have engaged in flint mining. Polished axes and leaf forms, arrowheads and knives, or possibly lance heads, are characteristic of Neolithic flint work.

Long, thin awl made from a blade, the tip slightly dulled and the base thin and irregular. 3.99 grams, 59 mm



Found at Fourneau du Diable, Dordogne, an important Upper Palaeolithic prehistoric rock shelter. Ex Sir Arthur John Evans (1851–1941), British archaeologist and son of Sir John Evans (1823-1908). Ex Henry Dewey (1876–1965), a prominent British geologist and archaeologist who made seminal contributions to the study of the Palaeolithic period. Ex R Richard Widdowson, a well-known UK-based antiquities specialist who owned the gallery 'Ancient Times' in Scarborough in Southern England. Ex J Weston Smith. Accompanied by an illustrated envelope and two collector's information cards.

Cordate in profile with deep orange-tan glossy patina; old inked legend on label 'Biface Acheulian T'; made by Neanderthal. 244 grams, 73 mm



From the well-regarded site of Fontmaure, Vienne department, France. Acquired in the 1970s-1990s. From the collections of the famous UK musician and amateur archaeologist, Victor Brox (1941-2023). From a private collection.