Roman Terracotta Bullae, Tesserae or Token Group

Piriform body and a tubular neck with trefoil mouth, a strap handle ot the rear. 48.08 grams, 10 cm



Acquired from Shirley Warren Antique Glass, Surrey, UK, in 1992 with reference no.K51. From the collection of a Bedfordshire, UK, lady. Accompanied by an original Shirley Warren invoice no.2272 dated 21 November 1992 (£250.00).

Rectangular wooden tablet, probably cedarwood, the inner side with a recessed panel inscribed with 20 lines of inked text in Roman cursive script, two small holes, the bigger in the upper rim, the smaller in the centre of the lower rim; the flat outer side inscribed with 14 lines of inked text; in a good state of preservation with signs of age and parts of the text barely visible. 27 grams, 14 x 16.1 cm



Acquired by Albert Sfez in the early 1950s. Formerly the property of Monsieur Alain Sfez, a Belgian collector; acquired by gift from his father, Albert Sfez, in 1965. Acquired by a London dealer in 1973. From an important London collection since 1975; thence by descent. Accompanied by a copy of an illustrated academic report by Professor Dr phil. Peter Rothenhöfer.

Professor Dr Peter Rothenhöfer, Department of History (Zhuhai Campus) states: 'This important tablet shows that its use was apparently not restricted to the administrative sphere but widely spread in civic life and used for private purposes. As handwritten documents from the late 3rd and 4th century AD are quite rare, this tablet is generally of great importance for the history of Latin palaeography. The text is fluently written and shows a uniform typeface. Typical features of ancient writing can be observed: The text is continuously written without any separation between words (scriptio continua), sentences have no dots at the end.' Wax tablets written in Greek or Latin, were used by Romans as account registers (codices accepti et expensi); for transactions (for example, the tablets of the banker Lucius Caecilius Iucundus found in Pompeii); for lists of goods, inventories, and notes to be kept and archived; for Roman magistrates to annotate the salient events of their bureaucratic activities; for writing letters; for drawing up legal texts of various kinds: legacies, declarations of births and citizenship, reports of trials and diplomata militaria.

Swept in profile, comprising a horizontal crescentic panel to attach to the rim, with inlaid silver detailing, recurved cobra-shaped thumb pad, raised serpent to the outer face of the tapering handle, finial a mask of Bacchus or Pan, facing with volute scrolls to the brow and thick splayed beard; silver diadem and eyes. 110 grams, 14.2 cm



Private collection. with Christie's, London, 11 June 1997, no.97 (part). with Bonhams, 13 April 2000, no.198. Private collection, Europe. Accompanied by copies of the relevant Christie's and Bonhams catalogue pages. Accompanied by a copy of an Art Loss Register certificate. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by a search certificate number no.12529-232161.

These handles, which formed a leafy plant element and an S- or T-shaped animal at the top, were usually attached to the belly of the bronze vessel by a human head. In our example, the broad head of the mask, with its broad moustache and beard, characterised by abundant hair, seems to hark back to the iconography of the Sileni or Pan.