Roman Marble Lower Torso

Modelled in the half-round with hollow reverse and fixing stud; gladiator advancing with a gladius short-sword drawn in right hand, holding a rectangular shield (scutum) and wearing greaves (ocreae); the arm protected by an armoured manica. 48 grams, 62 mm



From the French collection of M Garcia, 1990s.

The gladiator represented here belongs to the class of the scutarii (wearers of big shields) of the familia of the secutor or provocatores. The secutor was the chronological evolution of samnite gladiators. The title of secutor appears historically only in the imperial era and is closely linked to the title of contraretiarius, the retiarius being his true and only opponent. The secutor's armament consisted of the gladius and a large shield, a short ocrea on the left leg and a padded or armoured sleeve with chiroteca to protect his arm and hand.

Composed of a squat bulbous body with broad shoulder, slender cylindrical neck with flared rim, conical spout to the shoulder; kick-up to base; iridescent surfaces. 50 grams, 13.7 cm high

Fine condition.

Paris collection, 1990s. From an important Paris gallery, France. Ex private Parisian collection.

A Roman copy after a Hellenistic original, probably representing the goddess Demeter or Aphrodite sitting on a rock with her legs slightly parted, left hand resting on her lap and holding a pomegranate(?); the right arm stretched out to her side and holding a water jug that appears to have been reworked at a later time; dressed in a floor-length chiton with vertical folds and fastened under the breasts by a high belt; himation only covering the lower part of the body leaving her pleated dress clearly visible between her legs; her wavy hair with central parting and collected in a soft chignon at the nape of the neck; the face with schematic features with large eyes and raised eyelids, a small fleshy mouth and a prominent chin. 14.9 kg, 39 cm high



Ex Paris collection. French gallery, Paris, 1990-2000s. Accompanied by an academic report by Dr Marina Mattei and Dr Laura Maria Vigna. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by search certificate number no.11932-209624

The statuette seems to refer to the iconography of the goddess Demeter. Water, an element of purification, is a constant in the cult of this goddess, as is the fruit clutched in her left hand, most likely a pomegranate, an allusive attribute of nourishment and her relationship with Hades. The pomegranate links the iconography to the rape of Persephone, appearing among the funerary symbols as nourishment for the afterlife. Precise references and comparisons can be found with the terracotta statuette, found near Vetralla, in the National Etruscan Museum Rocca Albornoz of Viterbo and with the female bust of the sanctuary of Demeter of San Biagio in Agrigento, for the treatment of the hair and the facial features. The Demeter of Cnidus, a marble statue dated to 350 B.C., today in the British Museum, represents the goddess sitting on a throne wearing a long chiton and himation. The hairstyle with hair gathered in a low knot on the back of the head, however, references directly that of the Cnidian Aphrodite of Praxiteles. The statuette in question could be a copy of the Greek deity Demeter/Persephone created in Roman times, a period in which the cult overlaps with that of Ceres. In the early Imperial age there are examples of contamination of the iconography of Demeter/Persephone with Ceres, as attested among others by the statues of the Capitoline Museums inv. 231 and that of the Roman Theatre of Merida (Spain) in the National Museum of Roman Art, dated to the 1st century A.D.