Roman Gold Crescent-Shaped Earring

A mixed group of ceramic bullae, tesserae or theatre tokens bearing low-relief motifs, mainly consisting of profile busts of deities. 38.8 grams total, 15-22 mm



From the private collection of a European gentleman (1942-2024), formed since the 1970s.

The term 'tessera' was used in Roman times to convey the Greek term σύμβολον (token). Small tiles are known as tokens, often shaped like coins, made of metal (copper, lead, iron), clay, bone, wood, or glass, stamped as well as engraved. The tokens, however, are not exclusively coin-shaped, as the Latin term 'tessera' refers to a four-sided shape. Tokens and tesserae seem to have been used both in Athens and Rome for the distribution of goods. According to written sources, the term ‘token’ is identified with credentials of the official authorities. They have also been interpreted as tokens of identity, as entrance tickets to theatre performances, tribunals or assemblies of citizens, archival material of seal engraving, as pawns in games, Charon’s obols and even as amulets.

Modelled in the round as a standing eagle with its wings spread and short tail; incised feather detailing to the body and wings, head with detailed eyes, victory wreath held in its hooked beak. 193 grams, 88 mm



Acquired on the UK art market, 1990s. Private collection, New York, USA. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by search certificate number no.13362-255446.

As an animal associated with Jupiter, king of the Olympian gods, the eagle was a pre-eminent symbol of imperial power, including military power. The laurel wreath was a symbol of victory and was included among the military gifts (dona militaria).

Including two grappling wrestlers, standing Venus, Hercules with club and other types; each supplied with a museum-quality impression. 4.23 grams total, 8-15 mm



From the private collection of a European gentleman (1942-2024), formed since the 1970s.