Roman Buffware Oil Lamp with Ram

A mixed group of ceramic bullae, tesserae or theatre tokens bearing low-relief motifs, mainly consisting of profile busts of deities. 30.8 grams total, 14-21 mm



From the private collection of a European gentleman (1942-2024), formed since the 1970s.

The term 'tessera' was used in Roman times to convey the Greek term σύμβολον (token). Small tiles are known as tokens, often shaped like coins, made of metal (copper, lead, iron), clay, bone, wood, or glass, stamped as well as engraved. The tokens, however, are not exclusively coin-shaped, as the Latin term 'tessera' suggests by etymologically referring to a square or at least a four-sided shape and confirmed in several cases by material remains of the past. Tokens and tesserae seem to have been used both in Athens and Rome for the distribution of goods. According to written sources, the term token is identified with credentials of the official authorities. They have also been interpreted as tokens of identity, as entrance tickets to theatre performances, tribunals or assemblies of citizens, archival material of seal engraving, as pawns in games, Charon’s obols and even as amulets.

With deep hollow-formed body, lug handle and short nozzle, wreath to the shoulder and low-relief image of a boxer(?) on one leg. 136 grams, 11.3 cm



Ex J.R. collection, Netherlands, since before 2000. Private collection, Europe, acquired from the above.

Comic theatre mask in the form of a bearded man with a furrowed forehead, bulging brows and flat nose; within the mouth opening of the mask, the actor’s mouth visible as if an actor were wearing the mask, likewise the actor’s eyes with drilled pupils seem to peer through the eye openings that are framed by bulges, hair brushed back from the forehead; on the right, a hinge eyelet, and small holes at the top and bottom probably for the air supply; possibly the lid of a lamp; accompanied by a custom-made display stand. 207 grams total, mask: 62 mm, 13.3 cm high including stand



Ex Prof. Hans Dahn (1919-2019), Lausanne, acquired July 1959 from Donati.

Despite the moralising of certain elements of society and the bad reputation they suffered, the actors and their dramatic spectacles remained hugely popular with ordinary Romans. Theatre was important in the life of commoners and had a powerful impact on moulding public opinion. This piece, likely a decorative element, reflects the popularity and prominent place of theatre in Roman culture.