Roman and Later Artefact Group

Comprising a bowl with incised geometric decoration; knife with single-edged iron blade and decoratively incised pommel; and a pin with tapering round-section body, shallow conical finial and decoratively incised head. 106 grams total, 4.8-13.5 cm



Acquired before 2000. From the collection of a European gentleman living in the UK.

Comprising three lentoid-section glandes. 167 grams total, 50-65 mm



Ex Simmons Gallery, London E11, UK, in the 1990s. From a North London collection.

The trio finds parallels with examples unearthed at Ham Hill, Somerset, UK. The sling (funda) with its lead missiles (plumbea pondera) was used by special funditores, illustrated on Trajan’s Column where they are simply dressed in broad tunics with no armour, but carry a shield. Their cloak, or sagulum acted as an ammunition bag. The effectiveness of the slingers was unquestionable and much appreciated, especially against elephants. Celsus, writing towards the end of the 2nd century A.D., described how a slingshot wound was more dangerous and harder to treat than one inflicted by an arrow.

The oval intaglio engraved with the bird facing, flanked by two opposing cornucopiae. 0.65 grams, 13 mm



Acquired in the late 1980s-early 1990s. Important North West London collection.

According to Greek mythology, the cornucopia was the horn lost by the Achelous river in the fight with Hercules for Deianeira and filled by the Naiads with flowers and fruit as a symbol of abundance, thus alluding to the fertility of the valley where the Achelous flowed. The owl, symbol of Athena, flanked by cornucopiae, evoked the abundance asked from the goddess by the wearer of the gemstone.