Pre-Columbian Polished Stone Axe Head

Curving blade and rectangular shank to rear with large central socket; square butt. 740 grams, 14.3 cm



Private collection, Israel. Acquired in the 1992. Private collection, Switzerland, thence by descent. Private collection, since the late 1990s.

The Inca inherited a sophisticated metalworking tradition whose origins long predated the rise of their empire. Drawing on skilled artisans from across their territories, especially the north coast, they produced a wide range of objects in gold, silver, copper, and bronze at centres such as Cuzco. Among the most characteristic metal forms of the Inca period were tumis, ceremonial knives typically made of copper or tin bronze, distinguished by a long, curved blade set at a right angle to the handle. These handles could be flat or cylindrical and were often ornamented, while loops at the top suggest that some were suspended from the belt or worn as pendants. Tumis held an important place in ritual life in the Andes and had long been associated with sacrifice, both in ceremonial practice and in visual imagery, where they frequently appear in the hands of deities or supernatural beings. This example is especially striking: the upper handle is formed as the strong talons of a bird of prey, and the textured shaft recalls the rough surface of a raptor’s leg. Such imagery would have carried powerful associations with death and sacrifice, as scavenging and predatory birds were naturally linked with both. The blade also preserves textile impressions, probably the result of long burial.

Rectangular in plan with flange rim to the thick base, one side open, gabled roof with broad eaves and tall finials; pigment detailing. 720 grams, 13.5 cm



Previously in the private collection of Leo (1922-1979), and Evelyn D. Farland (1930-2025), New York; thence by descent.

Examples of Nayarit dwellings provide an insight into the life of ancient West Mexico. Made of perishable materials, these terracotta examples often depict family gatherings, including domestic animals, often dogs. It is thought that these houses may represent individuals of higher status.

Each D-shaped in plan with broad cutting edge and transverse ledge to rear. 536 grams total, 75-93 mm



From the collection of a Hampshire, UK, gentleman, established from the 1960s.