North American Stone Age Knapped Bifacial Dagger

Tongue-shaped with flat base and curved cutting edge; old inked legends '9 526 - P', 'Farnham Water Lane 3/30'. 213 grams, 14.8 cm



Found during the original official excavations in the Farnham area, Surrey, UK, which were conducted by Harold Faulker (1875-1963), and William Francis Rankine (c.1877-1962), who were instrumental with the excavation works and pit dwellings at sites including Six Bells, Frensham, Tilford, Thursley and Bagshot, and Waverley, amongst others at and near Farnham in the 1930s and 1940s. Much of the material is now in the prestigious Farnham museum. The present part of the collection having been gifted to their good friend and Haselmere Parish Priest, Charles Borelli (c.1914-2000) of Farnham; who was part of the Borelli family from Italy who emigrated from Lake Como in 1828 to set up the Borelli family watch and jewellery business; thence by family descent to his nephew.

Farnham district is one of the most interesting prehistoric regions in England, and has been visited by a succession of prehistoric peoples from Palaeolithic times onwards. Along the southern slope of the Farnham valley are three gravel terraces, which are famous prehistorically and have yielded large quantities of flint implements and bones of prehistoric animals, notably the mammoth. In prehistoric times, the chalk deposits played an important role in attracting settlers, as they contained rich layers of flint nodules used to make implements. The Farnham Gravels have been an abundant source of Palaeolithic finds, most prominent being hand axes. The axes differ in type, and each type is associated with a cultural phase of the Palaeolithic period. Types similar to these are found in similar deposits in the Somme valley and in many English valley gravels. Flint mining was also carried out by the Neolithic folk. Polished axes and leaf forms, arrowheads and knives, or possibly lance heads, are characteristic of the Neolithic flint work.

A substantial flint core or so-called 'Livre de Beurre' with vertical traces of blows on the work side. 1.99 kg, 25.3 cm



Previously in an old Stone Age tool collection. Acquired from an Oxfordshire, UK, auction house. From the private collection of a West Midlands lady collector.

Finely produced from local diabase/amphibolite and characteristic of the restricted Limhamn-Nivå tradition of North Sjælland and Scania; unusually well-polished for the type, with intact form and clear Mesolithic workmanship, possibly ceremonial. 406 grams, 11.5 cm



Found Aatoften Settlement, Nive Mill South, Nivaa, Denmark, 1970. From the private collection of amateur archaeologist Jorgen Faxholm, UK. Accompanied by copies of the relevant book pages where this axe is published.

This type represents a distinctive South Scandinavian Mesolithic tradition. Limhamn axes illustrate the indigenous technological development from the earlier Nøstvet and Lihult tools. While Limhamn axes are typically heavily scarred from knapping and crushing, this specimen appears unused and shows unusually fine grinding and surface finish, suggesting a piece of elevated status, adding limited practical use. The type is found exclusively in North Sjælland (Denmark) and Scania (Sweden), indicating a localised craft tradition with minimal external influence. A rare and representative example of Scandinavian Mesolithic stone craftsmanship, unbroken from Maglemose to Ertebølle.