Medieval Stained Glass Panel with Various Elements

The flat-section hoop with raised circular seal bezel bearing engraved three fleur de lis flanked by initials T-S, hoop with openwork bar to one side, together with engraved gradation lines and letters representative of the months of the year above and below, and the hours marked on hoop interior. 14.4 grams, 40 mm



Acquired early 1990s. From an East Anglian private collection.

Of square form, depicting a lion within a circular border with fleurs at angles and suspension loop; suspended from a similarly shaped and proportioned hanger depicting the same lion design with hinge; all gilded across the faces. 9 grams, 56 mm



Found Norfolk before 1990. Acquired on the UK market, 1990s. Property of a retired academic.

Comprising hunting, butcher's domestic and other blade types, including examples with serrated blades and sickles. 3.1 kg total, 18-42 cm



Acquired 1990s-early 2000s. East Anglian private collection.

Aside from the actual cut marks that are observed on animal bones following archaeological excavation, the butchery implements found from the medieval period are of considerable importance. The cut marks seem to indicate a more refined style of butchery with less use of the cleaver for disarticulation and a greater reliance on knives. The defining characteristic of the butchery knives is that they were sharp-edged and likely to have been made in much the same way as the cleavers, i.e. with a steel edge to maintain sharpness.