Greek Red-Figure Owl Skyphos

With a flared foot, tapering body and two lateral high strap handles with ribs to the outer edges, the sidewall set off from the foot by a carination. 354 grams, 23 cm wide



Ex Norri collection, Milton Keynes, Bedfordshire, UK, 1980s-1990s.

A gold necklace or diadem composed of twenty-two articulated units each in the form of a complex shields terminating in finials decorated with palmettes executed in filigree; body consists of shield-shaped jet(?) elements with a central rhomboid panel, joined above and below by triangular sections decorated with granulated triangles; the perimeter of each shield framed by a soldered beaded wire; at the centre of each rhomboid panel, an embossed appliqué mask in low relief; to the reverse of each element, two vertically aligned loops formed from narrow gold strips and intended for articulation; offered in a lined wooden display case. 22.5 grams, 21.6 cm



Ex M. Velensky collection, London, UK, 1990s. Accompanied by a copy of a four page examination report number 90/2015 by Dr habil Mikhail Treister. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by search certificate number no.13104-248043.

The terminals are comparatively rare survivals, decorated with palmettes in filigree, a feature only occasionally attested among comparable assemblages from Bosporan contexts. The overall typology, decorative programme, and construction techniques closely parallel examples recovered from well-documented burials at Phanagoria, Pantikapaion, Tanais, and Tsukur-Liman. Comparable necklaces combining shield elements with embossed human heads are particularly characteristic of the 3rd-2nd centuries BC. According to the examination conducted by Dr habil. Mikhail Treister, there is nothing to challenge the authenticity of the object. The specific form, restricted geographic distribution, and close parallels suggest manufacture within a workshop of the Bosporan Kingdom, most plausibly in Phanagoria, one of its principal production centres during the Hellenistic period.

Originally forming part of an elite horse-harness assemblage, made as a circular disc with a slightly flared rim and originally fitted with rear attachment loops (now lost); strongly modelled frontal lion’s head in high relief at the centre, gripping a spear or arrow in its jaws; the lion’s mane rendered in thick, slightly undulating locks, with additional chasing to suggest twisted strands, the facial features treated with pronounced linear and punched details: herringbone-patterned notches articulating the nose and whiskers, small star- or whirl-rosette motifs chiselled on the cheeks and chin; the central medallion framed by a raised ridge and a belted garland composed of pointed laurel leaves, dots imitating fruits, and four tied segments, a broad concentric frieze of alternating vegetal motifs surrounding, including narrow palmettes, lotus flowers, and oval blossoms with serrated petals, arranged rhythmically with alternating orientations; the floral elements originally selectively gilded against an ungilded silver ground, the outer flange decorated with a further leaf garland, and pierced with pairs of holes for attachment to leather straps. 451 grams, 27 cm



From the Walter Bizzarri family collection, 19th century. Accompanied by a copy of an examination report number 101/2018 by Dr Habil Mikhail Treister, 22 September 2018. Accompanied by an expertise from Striptwist Ltd, a London-based company run by historical precious metal specialist Dr Jack Ogden, reference number 180701. Accompanied by copies of the relevant Apollo magazine pages. Accompanied by an academic report by Dr Raffaele D’Amato. This lot has been checked against the Interpol Database of stolen works of art and is accompanied by search certificate number no.10275-168732.

Stylistically and typologically, the phalera belongs to a small and early group of large Hellenistic shoulder phalerae known from the North Pontic region. Comparative analysis places it slightly later than the celebrated examples from the Fedulov Treasure, suggesting a date in the first half—possibly the first quarter—of the 2nd century BC. While the iconography of the lion with a spear in its mouth appears to derive from Bosporan royal or civic imagery of the late 3rd century BC, the more schematic execution of the relief and ornament suggests production in a provincial workshop operating within the cultural sphere of the Bosporan Kingdom rather than at its principal centres. Such monumental phalerae are widely understood as prestige objects, likely produced as diplomatic gifts or ceremonial donations for members of the nomadic elite in contact with the Bosporan state. The scale, technical ambition, and iconographic complexity of the present example firmly support its interpretation as a high-status object within this tradition. Technical examination indicates that the phalera was raised from a single sheet of silver, worked predominantly by matrix hammering from the reverse and refined by extensive chasing from the front. The vegetal ornament and figural details were executed freehand, as evidenced by subtle variations among repeated elements. Gilding was primarily achieved by foil gilding, with thin gold sheets burnished onto the silver surface; minor traces of mercury detected in some gilded areas may indicate early or corrective use of mercury amalgam gilding, a technique just beginning to appear at this period