Cuneiform Tablet Fragment Group

A copper-alloy hair pin with tapering round-section stem, bifacial lion's paw terminal. 22.1 grams, 12.6 cm



Acquired before 2000. From the collection of a European gentleman living in the UK.

In the Parthian and Sassanian Empires and the Graeco-Roman world, elaborate coiffures were a form of conspicuous consumption and continued to be one of the most common forms of reifying social status and economic wealth. Often using expensive ornaments, such as gold and silver hairpins and wigs, these coiffures must have made it clear who had the leisure time to expend several hours creating an elaborate hairstyle.

A manuscript leaf with a watercolour scene of two men in a landscape, one lying on the ground, surrounded by trees and grass, panels of five lines of a poem above and below, border around the whole; set in a reveal within a glazed wooden frame. 637 grams, 27.2 x 20 cm

Fair condition.

Acquired on the UK art market, 1980s-1990s. The Woodbridge collection of Indo-Persian art.

A clay tablet of broadly rectangular form, a letter from Šamaš-naṣir (a provincial governor) to his lord, Iluni king of Ešnunna (Tell Asmar), the king passed orders to mobilise the men of Ida-Maraṣ, the name of the country of Ešnunna, to provide grain transport, but the men of the city Zibbatum did not respond to the call despite the governor's request to generals, the people of Zibbatum became apiru, that is, wandering groups; this is a social category well known from the second millennium (notably in the Canaanite texts of El-Amarna) which has sometimes been compared to the Hebrews of the Bible; the tablet reading: 'According to the mission of my Lord, I said to Arahum thus: 'Are not the people of Zibbatum the soldiers of your lord? Why did you make them Apirum?' This is what I said to him and Arahum blamed me, since that time Ibnatum does not cease to be insolent before me and does not cease to hide his troop from me. Yesterday, when I came to my lord, I wanted to inspect him but his troop was not present. I sent one of my servants to the city of Urula, one of my servants to the interior of the country and one of my servants to the city of Labi, his city, in order to (re)lead his troop and himself and until now they have not brought me any news. As soon as they have brought them back to me my lord will hear the punishment I intend to inflict on him. In such a large country as the one my lord has entrusted to me, I...' 183 grams, 10.2 cm wide



Specialised collection of cuneiform texts, the property of a London gentleman and housed in London before 1992. Thence by descent to family members. Examined by Professor Wilfrid George Lambert FBA (1926-2011), historian, archaeologist, and specialist in Assyriology and Near Eastern archaeology, in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The collection is exceptional for the variety of types, including some very rare and well preserved examples.