Heavy equal-armed cross with raised borders and a raised central cross motif, integral loop. 27.8 grams, 40 mm



From the private coin collection of a West London, UK, gentleman, formed since the mid 1980s.

Small lamp with linear decoration on the shoulder, tapering handle to the rear and low basal ring. 73 grams, 84 mm



From the collection of a Cambridge, UK, gentleman, by direct descent from his father, who acquired the items in London in circa 1960.

Bulbous body with pointed base and domed mouth, two circumferential bands on the shoulder; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and a wick, and used as a hand grenade. 378 grams, 10.3 cm



From an important specialist collection, London, UK, 1990s. Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (μεσαίον kακάβιον) 9th-11th century AD'.

Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια, where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.

D-section hoop with keeled shoulders, polygonal bezel with a stylised nimbate figure. 6.65 grams, 23.80 mm overall, 18.91 mm internal diameter (approximate size British Q 1/2, USA 8 1/4, Europe 18.12, Japan 17)



Acquired on the UK and EU art market before 2000. From the private collection of a Surrey, UK, gentleman.

This category of rings had a hexagonal-rounded chaton raised above the link. Conforming to the iconography of the Orthodox countries under the influence of Byzantium, the possible decoration was related to military saints.

Circular lamp with raised flange on the rim, short conical neck and a low basal ring. 181 grams, 95 mm



From an important collection of lamps, Germany, 1970s.

Featuring a slender hoop and circular bezel inscribed with 'CAP / ΓOV'. 1.59 grams, 21.30 mm overall, 17.50 mm internal diameter (approximate size British N, USA 6 1/2, Europe 13.72, Japan 13)



From the private collection of a European gentleman (1942-2024), formed since the 1970s.

Comprising a D-section hoop and a hexagonal bezel with three crosses on a baseline. 4.23 grams, 23.24 mm overall, 19.00 x 17.01 mm internal diameter (approximate size British N 1/2, USA 6 3/4, Europe 14.35, Japan 13)



From the private collection of a European gentleman (1942-2024), formed since the 1970s.

Slender hoop with decorated shoulders, an oval bezel with a facing nimbate bust holding a shield and a spear. 5.59 grams, 23.22 mm overall, 18.80 mm internal diameter (approximate size British Q, USA 8, Europe 18.12, Japan 17)



Ex German art market, 2000s. Acquired from an EU collector living in London. From the collection of a Surrey, UK, gentleman.

With a rectangular-section hoop and a raised rectangular bezel with a stylised gryphon. 3.05 grams, 22.01 mm overall, 17.76 mm internal diameter (approximate size British M, USA 6, Europe 12.46, Japan 12)



From a UK collection formed in the 1980s. Property of an Essex, UK, gentleman.

Featuring a flat-section hoop and a lentoid bezel with an inscription. 0.90 grams, 15.46 mm overall, 14.01 mm internal diameter (approximate size British F 1/2, USA 3, Europe 4.3, Japan 4)



From the private collection of a European gentleman (1942-2024), formed since the 1970s.

Bulbous body with pointed base and domed mouth, two circumferential bands above the shoulder; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and a wick, and used as a hand grenade. 403 grams, 10.5 cm



From an important specialist collection, London, UK, 1990s. Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (μεσαίον kακάβιον) 9th-11th century AD'.

Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια, where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.

Comprising a flat-section hoop with faint remains of inscription '+ C...ON', the bezel with a stylised depiction of a military saint on a horse slaying the dragon. 4.09 grams, 22.03 mm overall, 19.28 mm internal diameter (approximate size British S 1/2, USA 9 1/4, Europe 20.63, Japan 19)



From the private collection of a European gentleman (1942-2024), formed since the 1970s.