Triangular in plan with a broad, flat-section midrib, broad tip; rounded shoulders with a short pierced tang. 310 grams, 40.5 cm



Ex Abelita family collection, 1980s-2000s.

Ovoid in profile with domed filler hole, linear decoration; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and a wick, and used as a hand grenade. 667 grams, 12.8 cm



From an important specialist collection, London, UK, 1990s. Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (μεσαίον kακάβιον) 9th-11th century AD'.

Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.

Comprising six caltrops, hand-forged with square-section spikes. 338 grams total, 76-93 mm



From the private collection of a London gentleman, from his grandfather's collection formed before the early 1970s.

Caltrops were scattered on battlefields in an effort to stop or slow advancing enemy cavalry or foot soldiers; regardless of how a caltrop lands, one spike is always facing upwards. Caesar used them widely at Alesia (Caes., BG 7.73; 82): 'Stakes a foot long, with iron hooks attached to them, were entirely sunk in the ground before these, and were planted in every place at small intervals; these they called spurs'.

Lentoid in form with raised legend to reverse: 'Q.SERT / PPOR C'; casting flange to rim. 57.2 grams, 33 mm



Acquired on the UK art market, early 2000s. Property of a London, UK, antiquarian.

The inscription refers to Quintus Sertorius, the Roman statesman and general (123-72 BC).

Comprising three lentoid-section bullets. 87 grams total, 27-37 mm



Ex German art market, 2000s. Acquired from an EU collector living in London. From the collection of a Surrey, UK, gentleman.

Carved, stocky body with an iron suspension ring, rope cable and iron trigger. 1.38 kg, 75 cm wide



Private collection, London, UK. (For sale only to bidders of at least 18 years of age. UK buyers only.)

Bulbous, undecorated body with dome filler hole; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and a wick, and used as a hand grenade. 670 grams, 12.1 cm



From an important specialist collection, London, UK, 1990s. Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (μεσαίον kακάβιον) 9th-11th century AD'.

Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.

Group of flint flakes, scrapers, burins and other tools, some with inked findspot; mounted in a wooden frame with 'Paléolithique Supérieur' (Upper Palaeolithic) to the rim. 421 grams total, 37.95-79.50 mm



Acquired in the 1970s-1990s. From the collection of the famous UK musician and amateur archaeologist, Victor Brox (1941-2023). Acquired on the UK art market at auction after being sold by Mr Brox’s family. From the private collection of an East Anglian, UK, specialist collector.

Made from a piece of flint containing the fossil remains of a sponge, now crystallised. 24.9 grams, 54 mm



Found in 1901. From the collection of Captain Streatfield who helped to fund the archaeology excavations at Farnham, Kent. After Captain Streatfield passed away in the 1940s, his collection was sold at auction to a gentleman in Kent. The collection was then sold again in the 2020’s via a UK auction house.

Group of worked flint tools on a display board; various types, some with inked date and findspot (e.g. La Volve 22.11.76). 2.45 kg total including board, 39.12-119.22 mm



From various locations in France. Purchased on the European art market. Property of a Norfolk, UK, collector.

Thin and leaf-shaped, made on a very thin flint flake. 7.73 grams, 48 mm



Found in 1901. From the collection of Captain Streatfield, who helped to fund the archaeology excavations at Farnham, Kent. After Captain Streatfield passed away in the 1940s, his collection was sold at auction to a gentleman in Kent. The collection was then sold again in the 2020’s via a UK auction house.

Trapezoidal in plan with crescent cutting edge. 2.93 grams, 28.3 mm



Found in 1901. From the collection of Captain Streatfield, who helped to fund the archaeology excavations at Farnham, Kent. After Captain Streatfield passed away in the 1940s, his collection was sold at auction to a gentleman in Kent. The collection was then sold again in the 2020’s via a UK auction house.