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Auction Highlights:

Sold for (Inc. bp): £23,400
Sold for (Inc. bp): £31,200
Sold for (Inc. bp): £48,100
Sold for (Inc. bp): £15,600
Sold for (Inc. bp): £46,800
Lot No. 1357
6
Sold for (Inc. bp): £59
Triangular in section with barbed blades and shallow socket. 1.5 grams, 32 mm

Acquired from Red House Antiques, York, UK, in 2008.
Ian Wilkinson collection, Nottinghamshire, UK.

Lot No. 1359
3
Sold for (Inc. bp): £26
Lanceolate in profile with split socket. 16.8 grams, 99 mm

Acquired prior to 2000.
Ex Private collection, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Property of a Kent lady collector.

Piriform body with thick ribs to the shoulder and impressed knotwork panels between, domed filler-hole, intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. 610 grams, 17.2 cm

From the H.N. collection, Milton Keynes, Berkshire, UK, 1990s.

Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefäße aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.

The shape corresponds with a fire grenade in the Kars Museum, no.14.09.2009. Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.
Lot No. 1362
12
Sold for (Inc. bp): £312
With broad curved blade and short spur behind the chin, narrow neck, deep socket with square-section hammer to the reverse. 588 grams, 15.5 cm

From the collection of a Californian, USA, gentleman, dating back to the late 1960s.

Cf. Sedov, B.B., Finno-Ugri i Balti v Epokhi Srednevekovija, Moscow, 1987, pl V, items 16, 17, 20; pl.CXXIV, item 1.

Lot No. 1363
8
Sold for (Inc. bp): £312
With triangular section narrow blade widening to a broad bevelled edge with square chin, lateral flanges to the socket. 758 grams, 18.5 cm

From the private collection of a London gentleman, from his grandfather's collection formed before the early 1970s.

Cf. Hjardar, K. & Vike, V., Vikings at war, Oxford-Philadelphia, 2016, p.163, for the typology of Viking axes, letter B.

The axe belongs to a category of bearded axes. The skeggöks (bearded axes) had a long edge, designed to split tree-trunks into planks and beams. Usually the beard was at the bottom end of the blade, but some axes did sometimes have extra long blades.
Lot No. 1364
2
Sold for (Inc. bp): £78
Matched pair each with strap-slots to each end of the yoke, curved neck with seven-pointed rowel. 178 grams total, 13.5 cm each

Property of an Essex, UK, gentleman.

Lot No. 1365
8
Sold for (Inc. bp): £286
Double-edge axehead with flared blades, knops flanking the socket, pyramidal spurs. 222 grams, 10.8 cm

Ex German art market, 2000s.
Acquired from an EU collector living in London.
From the collection of Surrey, UK, gentleman.

Lot No. 1367
1
Sold for (Inc. bp): £286
Triangular in plan, terminating in an exaggerated curving point; the outer face pierced towards the top and with a raised midrib; the convex interior possibly containing fragmentary remains of a weapon. 355 grams, 56 cm

From a Japanese collection, 1990s.

Cf. Moorey, P., Catalogue of Ancient Persian Bronzes in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 1971, no.60, for a sword contained in a similar sheath.

Scabbards with a curve at their base are shown on reliefs and seals from Anatolia from the middle of the second millennium to the 9th century B.C.
With pyramidal point, square-section shaft, tubular socket and heater shield displaying a lion passant maker's mark. 46.2 grams, 73 mm

Tucker collection, Buckinghamshire, UK; formed in the 1980s.
Property of a Kent lady collector.

With pyramidal point, square-section shaft, tubular socket and amphora-shaped maker's mark. 35.4 grams, 72 mm

Tucker collection, Buckinghamshire, UK; formed in the 1980s.
Property of a Kent lady collector.

Piriform body with vertical ribs, tiered collar, domed filler-hole, intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. 435 grams, 16.5 cm

From a specialist collection of militaria, London, UK, collected 1990s onwards.

Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefäße aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16

Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.
Piriform body with band of impressed rosettes to the equator, domed filler-hole, intended to be filled with explosive liquid and wick, used as a hand grenade. 547 grams, 12.1 cm

From a specialist collection of militaria, London, UK, collected 1990s onwards.

Accompanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled 'Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (μεσαίον kακάβιον) 9th-11th century AD'.

Cf. Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefäße aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; cf. Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16.

Apart from the use of siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. They were called μεσαία kακαβιά or κυτροκακάβια where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form.
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