Composed of a coiled gold bar with slender mid section and expanded arms, tapering to pointed terminals. 1.44 grams, 11 mm

Acquired 1970-2010.
From the collection of a late Japanese gentleman.

With incuse rib detailing to the open lower body. 42 grams, 41 mm

English collection, early 2000s.
Ex central London gallery.

Composed of a collared oval socket with convex cutting edge, chamfered upper and lower edges. 227 grams, 98 mm

Acquired on the EU art market.
From the collection of a North American gentleman.

Featuring a convex cutting edge and wedge-shaped cheeks with crescentic blade. 93 grams, 53 mm

Essex gallery, early 2000s.

See MacGregor, Arthur ed., Antiquities From Europe and the Near East in the Collection of The Lord McAlpine of West Green, Oxford, 1987, no.11.11, for similar form.

The fragment belongs to a typical example of developed flat axe with expanded curved cutting edges and sides raised into slight flanges. Some specimens like this are representative of the early bronze age in Britain and Europe.

Comprising two arrowheads with foliate head and square-sectioned tang and three awls. 46 grams total, 3.7-10.8 cm

Ex American collector, acquired 1980-2000.
The Kusmirek Collection, UK.

Cf. Khorasani, M.M., Arms and Armour from Iran - The Bronze Age to the End of the Qajar Period, Tuebingen, 2006, cat.460, for the arrowheads.

The two arrowheads are similar to specimens found in Luristan. They belong to the type V of the Khorasani classification. The bow was widely used by the Luristan people. The shape of the blade is often flat or ovate in the cross section with lanceolate profile and two cutting edges.

Composed of a penannular hoop with convex outer face and enlarged terminals with recessed circles just visible. 33 grams, 60 mm wide

UK collection, early 1990s and before.
Acquired on the UK art market since the early 2000s.
From a private collection, Lancashire, UK.

The annular ornament with round-section body and decoratively notched outer face. 134 grams, 13 cm wide

UK collection, early 1990s and before.
Acquired on the UK art market since the early 2000s.
From a private collection, Lancashire, UK.

Composed of a flat-section penannular hoop with bifurcated terminals, creating miniature 'spectacles'; plain medial band to hoop with incised 'feather' or chevron motifs above and below. 24 grams, 72 mm

UK collection, early 1990s and before.
Acquired on the UK art market since the early 2000s.
From a private collection, Lancashire, UK.

Featuring a loop to one edge, flanges to the upper and lower edges with recessed for organic inserts, wedge-shaped cheeks with crescentic blade. 369 grams, 14 cm

From an old collection.
Acquired from Lockdales, Suffolk, UK, 12 July 2009, lot 659.
Property of an Oxfordshire, UK, collector.

Accompanied by a copy of the Lockdales invoice.

With crescentic body and a square-section spike to the underside. 81 grams, 61 mm

Acquired in the early 1990s.
The Kusmirek Collection, UK.

Bronze Age comprises a range of small rod-like tools that are usually round or rectangular in cross-section and pointed at one end with a square or chiselled edge at the other. They were probably used for perforating leather, wood and bone working and other crafts. Early researchers suggested they may have been used also for tattooing human skin.

Coiled bronze square-section rod with small bronze securing collar, linked gold hoop earring with one returned end. 5.71 grams, 43 mm

Ex German art market 1980s.
J.L. collection, Surrey, UK, 1990s.

Lusatian with a broad, pointed-oval blade and a raised central groove with converging ribs. 147 grams, 15.3 cmVery fine condition.

Private collection, 1950s.
Ex Gorny and Mosch, Munich, Germany, 18 December 2009, lot 463 (part).

Cf. similar spearheads in Mikołajczyk, A., Collections of the Archaeological and Ethnographical Museum of Łodz, (in Polish) Łodz, 1981, fig.38 p.43; Klochko, V., 'Weapons of the tribes of the Northern Pontic zone in the 16th – 10th centuries B.C.' in Baltic-Pontic Studies, Poznań, 1993, vol.1, figs.9, 10, 26.

The Lusatian Culture (1300-500 BC) is a Late Bronze Age culture, located in the geographic areas of Eastern Germany (Saxony and Brandenburg), Slovakia, Poland, the Baltic countries and the Black Sea area and is characterised by cremation burials. The dead were buried with their personal equipment: men were provided with weapons (comprising sword, dagger, axe, and spearhead) and ornaments (usually a pin or bracelet). At the start of the Middle Bronze Age, several innovations spread quickly and with a lasting effect across central Europe: swords (based on influences from the Danube region) and spears (socketted spearheads) appeared as new weapons, while two-edged razors, tweezers, knives, and sickles were the new tools.